Expanding Sub-Rows/Tree Data Feature Guide

Expanding Sub-Rows (Tree Data) Feature Guide

Material React Table has support for expanding sub-rows or tree data. This feature is useful for displaying hierarchical data. The sub-rows can be expanded and collapsed by clicking on the expand/collapse icon.

NOTE: This feature is for expanding rows of the same data type. If you want to add expansion of more data for the same row, check out the Detail Panel Feature Guide.

Relevant Props

#	Type	Default Value	More Info Links
1	Array<TData>		Usage Docs

2	boolean		TanStack Table Expanding Docs

3	boolean	true	MRT Expanding Sub Rows Docs

4	boolean		MRT Expanding Sub Rows Docs

5	(dataRow: TData) => TData[]

6	boolean	false	TanStack Filtering Docs

7	() => MRT_RowModel<TData>

8	(row: Row<TData>) => boolean		TanStack Table Expanding Docs

9	(row: Row<TData>) => boolean		TanStack Table Expanding Docs

10	(originalRow: TData, index: number) => undefined \| TData[]		TanStack Table Core Table Docs

11	boolean		TanStack Table Expanding Docs

12	number	100	TanStack Table Filtering Docs

13	IconButtonProps \| ({ table }) => IconButtonProps		Material UI IconButton Props

14	IconButtonProps \| ({ row, table }) => IconButtonProps		Material UI IconButton Props

15	OnChangeFn<ExpandedState>		TanStack Table Expanding Docs

16	boolean		TanStack Table Expanding Docs

17	'first' \| 'last'

Relevant State Options

	#	State Option	Type	Default Value	More Info Links
	1		Record<string, boolean> \| boolean	{}	TanStack Table Expanding Docs

Enable Expanding Sub-Rows

To enable expanding sub-rows, you must first set the enableExpanding prop to true.

However, your data must also be formatted in a way to allow for expanding rows that are in some way related to each other. By default, Material React Table will look for a special subRows property on each row of your data and treat any array of rows that it finds as the sub-rows for that row. You can customize or override this behavior by passing a custom getSubRows prop.

const data = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: 'John Doe',
    subRows: [
      {
        id: 2,
        name: 'Jane Doe',
      },
    ],
  },
];

return (
  <MaterialReactTable
    columns={columns}
    data={data}
    enableExpanding
    getSubRows={(originalRow) => originalRow.subRows} //default, can customize
  />
);

Demo

Open Stackblitz Open Code Sandbox Open on GitHub

Primary

Secondary

Drop to group by

	First Name	Last Name	Address	City	State
	Dylan	Murray	261 Erdman Ford	East Daphne	Kentucky
	Raquel	Kohler	769 Dominic Grove	Columbus	Ohio

Source Code

1import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
2import { MaterialReactTable, type MRT_ColumnDef } from 'material-react-table';
3
4export type Person = {
5  firstName: string;
6  lastName: string;
7  address: string;
8  city: string;
9  state: string;
10  subRows?: Person[]; //Each person can have sub rows of more people
11};
12
13export const data = [
14  {
15    firstName: 'Dylan',
16    lastName: 'Murray',
17    address: '261 Erdman Ford',
18    city: 'East Daphne',
19    state: 'Kentucky',
20    subRows: [
21      {
22        firstName: 'Ervin',
23        lastName: 'Reinger',
24        address: '566 Brakus Inlet',
25        city: 'South Linda',
26        state: 'West Virginia',
27        subRows: [
28          {
29            firstName: 'Jordane',
30            lastName: 'Homenick',
31            address: '1234 Brakus Inlet',
32            city: 'South Linda',
33            state: 'West Virginia',
34          },
35        ],
36      },
37      {
38        firstName: 'Brittany',
39        lastName: 'McCullough',
40        address: '722 Emie Stream',
41        city: 'Lincoln',
42        state: 'Nebraska',
43      },
44    ],
45  },
46  {
47    firstName: 'Raquel',
48    lastName: 'Kohler',
49    address: '769 Dominic Grove',
50    city: 'Columbus',
51    state: 'Ohio',
52    subRows: [
53      {
54        firstName: 'Branson',
55        lastName: 'Frami',
56        address: '32188 Larkin Turnpike',
57        city: 'Charleston',
58        state: 'South Carolina',
59      },
60    ],
61  },
62];
63
64const Example = () => {
65  const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<Person>[]>(
66    //column definitions...
67    () => [
68      {
69        accessorKey: 'firstName',
70        header: 'First Name',
71      },
72      {
73        accessorKey: 'lastName',
74        header: 'Last Name',
75      },
76
77      {
78        accessorKey: 'address',
79        header: 'Address',
80      },
81      {
82        accessorKey: 'city',
83        header: 'City',
84      },
85
86      {
87        accessorKey: 'state',
88        enableColumnOrdering: false,
89        header: 'State',
90      },
91    ],
92    [],
93    
94  );
95
96  return (
97    <MaterialReactTable
98      columns={columns}
99      data={data}
100      enableExpanding
101      enableExpandAll //default
102    />
103  );
104};
105
106export default Example;
107

Expand All Rows Button

By default, Material React Table will show the expand all button in the expand column header. You can disable this by setting the enableExpandAll prop to false.

<MaterialReactTable
  columns={columns}
  data={data}
  enableExpanding
  enableExpandAll={false} //hide expand all button in header
/>

Expanded Rows Pagination Behavior

By default, Material React Table will treat expanded sub-rows the same as any other row when it comes to pagination. This means that some expanded rows may be on the next page. You can change this behavior by setting the paginateExpandedRows prop to false.

<MaterialReactTable
  columns={columns}
  data={data}
  enableExpanding
  paginateExpandedRows={false} //expanded rows will be on the same page as their parent row
/>

Expanded Leaf Row Filtering Behavior

If you are using the filtering features alongside sub-row features, then there are a few behaviors and customizations you should be aware of.

Filter From Leaf Rows

By default, filtering is done from parent rows down (so if a parent row is filtered out, all of its children will be filtered out as well). Setting the filterFromLeafRows prop to true will cause filtering to be done from leaf rows up (which means parent rows will be kept so long as one of their child, or grand-child, etc. rows pass the filtering).

<MaterialReactTable
  columns={columns}
  data={data}
  enableExpanding
  filterFromLeafRows //search for child rows and preserve parent rows
/>

Max Leaf Row Filter Depth

New in v1.3.11 from TanStack Table v8.6.0 and later!

By default, filtering is done for all rows (max depth of 100), no matter if they are root level parent rows or the child leaf rows of a parent row. Setting the maxLeafRowFilterDepth prop to 0 will cause filtering to only be applied to the root level parent rows, with all sub-rows remaining unfiltered. Similarly, setting this option to 1 will cause filtering to only be applied to child leaf rows 1 level deep, and so on.

This is useful for situations where you want a row's entire child hierarchy to be visible, regardless of the applied filter.

<MaterialReactTable
  columns={columns}
  data={data}
  enableExpanding
  maxLeafRowFilterDepth={0} //When filtering root rows, keep all child rows of the passing parent rows
/>

Expand All Rows By Default

You can manage the initial state of the expanded rows with the expanded state option in either the initialState or state props.

For example, you may want all rows to be expanded by default. To do this, you can simply set the expanded state option to true.

<MaterialReactTable
  columns={columns}
  data={data}
  enableExpanding
  initialState={{ expanded: true }} //all rows expanded by default
/>

Demo

Open Stackblitz Open Code Sandbox Open on GitHub

Primary

Secondary

Drop to group by

First Name	Last Name	Address	City	State
Dylan	Murray	261 Erdman Ford	East Daphne	Kentucky
Ervin	Reinger	566 Brakus Inlet	South Linda	West Virginia
Jordane	Homenick	1234 Brakus Inlet	South Linda	West Virginia
Jordan	Clarkson	4882 Palm Rd	San Francisco	California
Brittany	McCullough	722 Emie Stream	Lincoln	Nebraska
Raquel	Kohler	769 Dominic Grove	Columbus	Ohio
Branson	Frami	32188 Larkin Turnpike	Charleston	South Carolina

Source Code

1import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
2import { MaterialReactTable, type MRT_ColumnDef } from 'material-react-table';
3
4export type Person = {
5  firstName: string;
6  lastName: string;
7  address: string;
8  city: string;
9  state: string;
10  subRows?: Person[]; //Each person can have sub rows of more people
11};
12
13export const data: Person[] = [
14  {
15    firstName: 'Dylan',
16    lastName: 'Murray',
17    address: '261 Erdman Ford',
18    city: 'East Daphne',
19    state: 'Kentucky',
20    subRows: [
21      {
22        firstName: 'Ervin',
23        lastName: 'Reinger',
24        address: '566 Brakus Inlet',
25        city: 'South Linda',
26        state: 'West Virginia',
27        subRows: [
28          {
29            firstName: 'Jordane',
30            lastName: 'Homenick',
31            address: '1234 Brakus Inlet',
32            city: 'South Linda',
33            state: 'West Virginia',
34          },
35          {
36            firstName: 'Jordan',
37            lastName: 'Clarkson',
38            address: '4882 Palm Rd',
39            city: 'San Francisco',
40            state: 'California',
41          },
42        ],
43      },
44      {
45        firstName: 'Brittany',
46        lastName: 'McCullough',
47        address: '722 Emie Stream',
48        city: 'Lincoln',
49        state: 'Nebraska',
50      },
51    ],
52  },
53  {
54    firstName: 'Raquel',
55    lastName: 'Kohler',
56    address: '769 Dominic Grove',
57    city: 'Columbus',
58    state: 'Ohio',
59    subRows: [
60      {
61        firstName: 'Branson',
62        lastName: 'Frami',
63        address: '32188 Larkin Turnpike',
64        city: 'Charleston',
65        state: 'South Carolina',
66      },
67    ],
68  },
69];
70
71const Example = () => {
72  const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<Person>[]>(
73    //column definitions...
74    () => [
75      {
76        accessorKey: 'firstName',
77        header: 'First Name',
78      },
79      {
80        accessorKey: 'lastName',
81        header: 'Last Name',
82      },
83
84      {
85        accessorKey: 'address',
86        header: 'Address',
87      },
88      {
89        accessorKey: 'city',
90        header: 'City',
91      },
92
93      {
94        accessorKey: 'state',
95        enableColumnOrdering: false,
96        header: 'State',
97      },
98    ],
99    [],
100    
101  );
102
103  return (
104    <MaterialReactTable
105      columns={columns}
106      data={data}
107      enableExpandAll={false} //hide expand all double arrow in column header
108      enableExpanding
109      filterFromLeafRows //apply filtering to all rows instead of just parent rows
110      initialState={{ expanded: true }} //expand all rows by default
111      paginateExpandedRows={false} //When rows are expanded, do not count sub-rows as number of rows on the page towards pagination
112    />
113  );
114};
115
116export default Example;
117

Expand Root Rows Only By Default

Here is a slightly more complex initial expanded state example where all the root rows are expanded by default, but none of the sub rows themselves are expanded by default. We just need to find all of the root row ids and set their key in the expanded initialState option to true.

Demo

Open Stackblitz Open Code Sandbox Open on GitHub

Primary

Secondary

Drop to group by

First Name	Last Name	Address	City	State
Dylan	Murray	261 Erdman Ford	East Daphne	Kentucky
Ervin	Reinger	566 Brakus Inlet	South Linda	West Virginia
Brittany	McCullough	722 Emie Stream	Lincoln	Nebraska
Raquel	Kohler	769 Dominic Grove	Columbus	Ohio
Branson	Frami	32188 Larkin Turnpike	Charleston	South Carolina

Source Code

1import React, { useMemo } from 'react';
2import {
3  MaterialReactTable,
4  type MRT_ExpandedState,
5  type MRT_ColumnDef,
6} from 'material-react-table';
7import { Button } from '@mui/material';
8
9export type Person = {
10  id: string;
11  firstName: string;
12  lastName: string;
13  address: string;
14  city: string;
15  state: string;
16  subRows?: Person[]; //Each person can have sub rows of more people
17};
18
19//data definitions...
20export const data: Person[] = [
21  {
22    id: '1',
23    firstName: 'Dylan',
24    lastName: 'Murray',
25    address: '261 Erdman Ford',
26    city: 'East Daphne',
27    state: 'Kentucky',
28    subRows: [
29      {
30        id: '2',
31        firstName: 'Ervin',
32        lastName: 'Reinger',
33        address: '566 Brakus Inlet',
34        city: 'South Linda',
35        state: 'West Virginia',
36        subRows: [
37          {
38            id: '3',
39            firstName: 'Jordane',
40            lastName: 'Homenick',
41            address: '1234 Brakus Inlet',
42            city: 'South Linda',
43            state: 'West Virginia',
44          },
45          {
46            id: '4',
47            firstName: 'Jordan',
48            lastName: 'Clarkson',
49            address: '4882 Palm Rd',
50            city: 'San Francisco',
51            state: 'California',
52          },
53        ],
54      },
55      {
56        id: '5',
57        firstName: 'Brittany',
58        lastName: 'McCullough',
59        address: '722 Emie Stream',
60        city: 'Lincoln',
61        state: 'Nebraska',
62      },
63    ],
64  },
65  {
66    id: '6',
67    firstName: 'Raquel',
68    lastName: 'Kohler',
69    address: '769 Dominic Grove',
70    city: 'Columbus',
71    state: 'Ohio',
72    subRows: [
73      {
74        id: '7',
75        firstName: 'Branson',
76        lastName: 'Frami',
77        address: '32188 Larkin Turnpike',
78        city: 'Charleston',
79        state: 'South Carolina',
80        subRows: [
81          {
82            id: '8',
83            firstName: 'Henry',
84            lastName: 'Ford',
85            address: '1234 Brakus Inlet',
86            city: 'Nashville',
87            state: 'Tennessee',
88          },
89        ],
90      },
91    ],
92  },
93];
94
95
96const Example = () => {
97  const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<Person>[]>(
98    //column definitions...
99    () => [
100      {
101        accessorKey: 'firstName',
102        header: 'First Name',
103      },
104      {
105        accessorKey: 'lastName',
106        header: 'Last Name',
107      },
108
109      {
110        accessorKey: 'address',
111        header: 'Address',
112      },
113      {
114        accessorKey: 'city',
115        header: 'City',
116      },
117
118      {
119        accessorKey: 'state',
120        enableColumnOrdering: false,
121        header: 'State',
122      },
123    ],
124    [],
125    
126  );
127
128  const initialExpandedRootRows = useMemo<MRT_ExpandedState>(
129    () =>
130      data
131        .map((originalRow) => originalRow.id) //get all the root row ids, use recursion for additional levels
132        .reduce((a, v) => ({ ...a, [v]: true }), {}), //convert to an object with all the ids as keys and `true` as values
133    [],
134  );
135
136  return (
137    <MaterialReactTable
138      columns={columns}
139      data={data}
140      enableExpanding
141      getRowId={(originalRow) => originalRow.id}
142      initialState={{ expanded: initialExpandedRootRows }} //only expand the root rows by default
143      renderTopToolbarCustomActions={({ table }) => (
144        <Button onClick={() => table.resetExpanded()}>Reset Expanded</Button>
145      )}
146    />
147  );
148};
149
150export default Example;
151